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东晋最后被谁所灭-刘裕为什么灭司马氏？

来源：名资汇网 作者：caiji007 2023-07-20

东晋最后被谁所灭

由司马懿的后代司马睿创立东晋，一百多年后，被刘裕建立的刘宋所取代。但刘裕并非传统意义上的晚朝农民起义的起动者，而是东晋的权臣，在掌握了政权后，逼皇帝禅让天下。

这句话还要从东晋后[文]期说起。至东晋后期[章]，朝政腐败，地方军[来]阀混战，百姓负担沉[自]重。东晋皇帝自身的[历]权力并不大，大权基[史]本上掌握在士家大族[大]的手中，先是王氏家[全]族，然后是谢家，到[网]了后期，桓氏成为唯[文]一的大族。

晚期，东晋发生了一[章]场农民起义，孙恩、[来]卢循起义。在平叛时[自]，刘裕以一当千之战[历]，但他还只是北府军[史]中的一位中将。北将[大]军是谢玄为抵抗前秦[全]入侵而征召的一支骁[网]勇善战的大军，曾多[文]次击败前秦，实力不[章]容小觑。

镇压农民起义时，北府军也是其主要力量之一。当刘裕参军时，谢玄变的北府军长就是刘牢之。

刘裕发迹史

在战争中，刘裕身先士卒，颇受赞誉。与此同时，在农民起义爆发后，东晋许多地方军阀都试图混水摸鱼，其中最著名的就是桓玄，当时义军正向建康都城靠拢，桓玄也因此成为一名割据。

宫廷在镇压暴动之后[来]，命令司马元显十八[自]州诸军，兴兵讨伐桓[历]玄，结果就是在交战[史]中，刘牢国投降了，[大]这导致了朝廷大败。[全]

拿到大权后，桓玄废了晋安帝，自立为皇帝，国号楚，然而，桓玄位以后，百姓荒淫荒淫，游猎成性，使百姓失去了晋安帝。此时，刘裕借此机会举义兵讨伐桓玄。就在桓玄执政几个月后，桓楚王朝就宣告灭亡。

在刘裕灭桓楚王朝后[网]，也想学习桓玄，他[文]可不那么好心，他本[章]来想当皇帝，可是他[来]比桓玄聪明。

他知道，如果光靠手[自]中的兵权，那自己就[历]是第二个桓玄，消灭[史]自己是迟早的事，所[大]以他不会马上做，而[全]是要让自己获得更高[网]的威望。

刘裕的做法主要有两[文]点：一是北伐，二是[章]南燕，；与此同时，[来]把地方军阀消灭了，[自]他们对他的威胁也最[历]大。

其次，刘裕对东晋政治、社会各方面问题进行了全面改革。法办了一大批失学士族和官员，恢复了秀才、孝廉策试制度，使门阀士族不能上仕。制约与打击门阀与豪强的力量。

干了这一切，就再无阻拦，东晋已不需要存在了。因此，420年刘裕接受晋恭帝禅让而自立，“宋”是宋武帝的意思。

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