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瓦剌和鞑靼哪个是正统蒙古？

来源：名资汇网 作者：caiji007 2023-09-25

瓦剌和鞑靼是什么关系？

蒙古族在明朝分为瓦剌[wǎlà]和鞑靼[dádá]两大部落。

1、瓦剌是指西蒙古，就是卫拉特蒙古，卫拉特分为四大部：准噶尔、和硕特、杜尔伯特、土尔扈特，后来准噶尔强盛后逼迫硕特、杜尔伯特、土尔扈特西迁伏尔加河成为“卡尔梅克人”，清朝消灭准噶尔部后，有一部分卡尔梅克人回归中国。

“鞑靼”是指阿鲁台[文]统治的东部蒙古。

2、鞑靼诸部首领都出自成吉思汗家族，而瓦剌首领是异姓。

它们之间经常相互仇[章]杀。后来瓦剌强大起[来]来，打败了鞑靼。

可以理解为朝鲜和韩国的关系。

明朝是如何使蒙古分裂成为鞑靼和瓦剌两个部分的呢？

众所周知，明朝建国后，来自北方蒙古人的威胁便一直存在，从早期的北元到后来的鞑靼与瓦剌两部，他们对明朝都是极具威胁的存在，甚至明朝还曾差点亡于瓦剌人之手，那么这里便出现了一个问题，曾经的元朝廷在被徐达赶出元大都回到草原上后究竟经历了什么才会分裂成“鞑靼”与“瓦剌”？关于这个问题，大家接下来看。

我们先来大体回顾一[自]下元朝廷是怎么退回[历]草原的

公元1368年（明洪武元年），统一江南的朱元璋任命徐达为征虏大将军正式宣布北伐，徐达领军一路势如破竹于八月攻入元大都，元顺帝北逃，至此明朝收复长城以南所有地区，结束了元朝近一百年的统治。

至此，史学界称元顺[史]帝北逃后的政权为“[大]北元”。

元顺帝虽然北逃了，[全]但此时元朝廷仍然控[网]制着辽东、云南、甘[文]肃、山西等广大土地[章]，他们依然有反攻大[来]明的资本，所以有鉴[自]于此，朱元璋先后四[历]次出击，陆续收复了[史]山西、甘肃、云南、[大]辽东四地。

公元1388年，在[全]收复辽东之后，朱元[网]璋升任当时的征虏右[文]将军蓝玉为征虏大将[章]军，调转枪头直扑当[来]时北元朝廷所在地捕[自]鱼儿海（即今天的中[历]蒙边境贝尔湖），开[史]始第六次北伐。

捕鱼儿海一役，明军[大]大获全胜，俘虏天元[全]帝次子地保奴，妃嫔[网]公主王公大臣等三千[文]余人，北元精锐部队[章]七万余人，只有天元[来]帝及长子天保奴等数[自]十骑逃走。

至此，以黄金家族为[历]核心的北元朝廷被彻[史]底瓦解，此后蒙古诸[大]部逐渐脱离黄金家族[全]的控制，开始为了争[网]夺权力而内斗，所以[文]，“捕鱼儿海之战”[章]是导致北元彻底分裂[来]的根本因素。

值得注意的是，捕鱼儿海之战后不久北元陷入分裂，天元帝即被阿里不哥的后裔也速迭儿所杀，话说当年蒙哥汗死后，忽必烈击败弟弟阿里不哥成功夺取大汗之位，此后蒙古汗位以及元朝皇位一直在忽必烈一脉中传承，直到也速迭儿杀掉天元帝自称蒙古大皇帝，蒙古汗位才正式回到阿里不哥一脉手中。

事实上，也速迭儿杀[自]掉天元帝只是北元走[历]向分裂的开始，自此[史]，蒙古诸部陷入了分[大]裂与无休止的内乱之[全]中，曾经引以为傲的[网]黄金家族在蒙古人心[文]中的地位一落千丈，[章]威严不在。

公元1402年，非[来]黄金家族出身的鬼力[自]赤杀掉大汗孛儿只斤[历]·坤帖木儿自立为汗[史]，鬼力赤也成为第一[大]任非黄金家族的大汗[全]。

也正是由于他非黄金[网]家族，所以他的自立[文]进一步加速了北元的[章]分裂。首先位于蒙古[来]高原西部的瓦剌部不[自]承认鬼力赤汗位，其[历]次北元朝廷内部也开[史]始离心离德，北元太[大]师阿鲁台于1408[全]年杀掉鬼力赤另立大[网]汗。所以，瓦剌的不[文]承认与阿鲁台诛杀鬼[章]力赤也代表着北元正[来]式的分裂。

此后蒙古内部分裂为[自]鞑靼（鞑靼只是当时[历]明朝东部蒙古的称呼[史]，事实上鞑靼人依旧[大]自称蒙古，以正统自[全]居）与瓦剌两部，鞑[网]靼位于蒙古高原的东[文]部，属于黄金家族一[章]系，所以鞑靼也是元[来]朝的正统所在。而瓦[自]剌则位于蒙古高原的[历]西部，瓦剌早期因与[史]黄金家族通婚，而成[大]为蒙古的重要组成部[全]分。

鬼力赤被杀后，蒙古陷入了瓦剌与鞑靼对立的局面，后来朱棣北征的主要目标就是鞑靼。在朱棣的打击下，阿鲁台多次战败，他所立的蒙古大汗也趁机逃往瓦剌，所以瓦剌也以此为由开始以蒙古正统自居，瓦剌与鞑靼两部就是在这种历史的变迁下互相对立互相攻伐，走向彻底的决裂。

所以，我们最后可以确定，当年正是由于朱元璋几次果断的出击，才使得北元一步步走向灭亡，1388年的捕鱼儿海之战，是北元走向彻底分裂的根本原因，1402年鬼力赤诛杀孛儿只斤·坤帖木儿，是北元分裂为鞑靼与瓦剌的直接原因。

瓦剌和鞑靼有什么区别

蒙古族明朝分为瓦剌和鞑靼，瓦剌就是西蒙古，就是卫拉特蒙古，卫拉特分为四大部：准噶尔、和硕特、杜尔伯特、土尔扈特，后来准噶尔强盛后逼迫硕特、杜尔伯特、土尔扈特西迁伏尔加河成为“卡尔梅克人”，清朝消灭准噶尔部后，有一部分卡尔梅克人回归中国。 中国明代所讲的“鞑靼”是指阿鲁台统治的东部蒙古。是两个不同的部落名称。元朝被朱元璋推翻后，蒙古人北逃建立了北元，北元后来又被明军多次征伐，后来分裂成鞑靼和瓦剌，这是蒙古的2个部分，到了明末清初的时候分成3个较为独立的整体，即漠南蒙古，漠西蒙古，漠北蒙古

瓦剌与鞑靼什么关系

元朝被推翻后，蒙古贵族回到蒙古高原，继续统治长城以北的一些地区。14世纪末，蒙古分裂，它们之间经常相互仇杀。后来瓦剌强大起来，打败了鞑靼。瓦剌和鞑靼先后称雄漠北，与明有战有和。 形象点说就是朝鲜和韩国的关系

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