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窦建德是李世民的什么人-为什么李渊一定要杀了窦建德？

来源：名资汇网 作者：caiji007 2023-10-04

小时候，有个问题：“窦建德是李世民的舅舅，为什么李渊要杀他？”

在上世纪80年代末[文]和90年代初，电视[章]机还没有完全普及。[来]我们获得资料的来源[自]主要是无线电。

当时，单田芳老师和田连元老师的评书，可谓风靡一时。二师的声望，可以秒杀当今影视明星。单田芳老师的评书，我最喜欢隋唐演义。这是单田芳老师这本经典之作，李世民的舅舅是窦建德。

因为单田芳老师的评[历]书讲得真好，我从小[史]就以为窦建德是李世[大]民的舅舅。那时我一[全]直在想：“娘亲舅大[网]，李世民怎么能打舅[文]舅？”李渊和窦建德[章]是亲戚，为什么李渊[来]必须杀窦建德？”

当时没有网络，有疑[自]问也无法搜索解决。[历]这问题一直困扰着我[史]很长时间，直到长大[大]后我才弄清楚这件事[全]的来龙去脉。

今日我将结合《资治通鉴》《新唐书》《唐书》中的记载，写一篇博文自问自答，说明窦建德是否是李世民的舅舅，再解释一下李渊为什么要杀窦建德的问题。

一、窦建德是否是李世民的舅舅

回答是：“窦建德是李世民的舅舅，这个舅舅非常便宜，非常非常便宜。

汉代，有一位有名的大臣叫窦章。三百多年后，窦章的后代涌现出一大批名人。例如，李渊的老丈人窦毅，李渊的妻子太穆顺圣皇后(追封)窦氏，李渊的死对头窦建德。窦建德和窦毅都自称是窦章的后裔。据史书记载，窦建德与太穆顺圣窦皇后，是同族姊妹。

称自己是窦章后裔的窦建德，又觉得窦章名声不够响。接着窦建德又追了上去，又抬起了老祖宗。窦充大家可能比较陌生，他的女儿大家都比较熟悉，是汉武帝的祖母窦太后。窦太后的弟弟窦广国颇有名气，他的十世孙，是窦建德和太穆顺圣皇后窦氏的共祖。

三百多年前，窦建德和李世民的母亲一家人。要说他是李世民的舅舅，也勉强过得去，只是关系很疏远，非常非常非常疏远。于是我说：“窦建德是李世民的舅舅，这个舅舅又便宜又便宜，非常非常便宜。

李渊从来不认太穆皇[网]后的卑贱兄弟窦建德[文]，如果不是单田芳老[章]师的评书实在是太精[来]彩了，也没有窦建德[自]是李世民舅舅的说法[历]。这件事，就说到这[史]里了，李渊为什么要[大]杀窦建德。

在虎牢关活捉窦建德后，李世民曾劝李渊不要杀窦建德。李世民认为窦建德在河北很有人缘，杀了窦建德恐怕会引起河北叛乱。但李世民等人劝阻，李渊并未回心转意，李渊还是杀了窦建德。

二、李渊为什么杀窦建德

在李渊杀死窦建德后，在河北引起很大震动。刘黑闼反叛，是因为李渊杀窦建德。

李渊坚持要杀窦建德[全]，主要有三个原因。[网]

首先，窦建德曾在李[文]渊最困难的时候，用[章]刀捅了李渊一刀。在[来]刘武周攻占太原后，[自]李世民带着大唐的精[历]锐部队去打刘武周。[史]此时，窦建德突然向[大]大唐发起猛攻。

窦建德不负众望，攻下了大唐的都城、赵州等地，杀了关中刺史袁子干等人。自那时起，李渊就对窦建德恨之入骨。

第二原因是窦建德抓[全]住了李渊唯一的姐姐[网]同安长公主李氏。李[文]渊的三个哥哥早逝了[章]，而李渊对他唯一的[来]妹妹非常疼爱。在攻[自]破黎阳后，同安长公[历]主寓居黎阳，被窦建[史]德俘虏。为了让窦建[大]德把妹妹放回来，李[全]渊只派了一大笔钱来[网]赎人。

起初，窦建德不肯放[文]手，等到与王世充交[章]战后，窦建德怕李渊[来]发兵夹击，才把他放[自]回大唐。惟一的姐姐[历]被俘，是李渊的耻辱[史]。那是李渊杀窦建德[大]的主要原因之一，也[全]许可以不说。

三是李渊对武力的信仰太深了。李渊有个特点，那就是，凡是曾经称王的人，到他手里都要死。唐朝建立后，首先消灭的割据势力，是薛举建立的秦国。薛举称自己为秦国皇帝，薛举死后，薛仁济继位。他无法击败李世民，只能投降大唐。薛仁济想靠投降来活命，结果被李渊斩首。

瓦岗军败于王世充后[网]，李密主动投靠李渊[文]。李渊硬要逼李密，[章]杀了李密。西凉皇帝[来]李轨，与李渊同属，[自]二人为陇西李氏。据[历]《资治通鉴》记载，[史]李渊曾写信给李轨，[大]称其为“堂弟”。李[全]轨被李渊活捉后，也[网]被刺杀。

在李世民面前，王世充不能打败李世民，投降前，曾要求李世民答应不杀他。为了早日夺取洛阳，李世民答应不杀王世充。李渊下诏杀王世充，王世充抬出他的承诺，李渊只好不杀王世充。

王世充被李渊发配四[文]川，结果半路被李渊[章]的羽林将军独孤修德[来]杀死。李渊生气了，[自]后果很严重。“修德[历]”被李渊严惩，将独[史]孤修德免职。不久之[大]后，独孤修德不仅恢[全]复了官职，而且步步[网]升迁。明眼见为实，[文]独孤修德杀王世充，[章]肯定是李渊默认的。[来]

凡是称王称霸的人投降了大唐，都被李渊杀了。窦建德当过夏王，还自建天子旗。来到李渊手里的窦建德，和李密一样，只有一死。在李渊杀了窦建德后，立刻招窦建德的旧将范愿、董康买、曹湛、高雅贤入京，说是要给他们封官。

三、李渊杀窦建德后悔了吗？

窦建德的两个老部下说：“夏王有德，往淮安王、同安公主上去，都是厚遣还之。今朝得夏王，即今唐。我的余生不为王得仇，见天下的义士也没有。“

窦建德的旧部感觉到了长安，一定会被李渊杀死。他们一聚在一起，便决定发动叛乱。范愿、董康买、曹湛、高雅贤等人推举刘黑闼为大将军，攻唐。

刘黑闼起兵前，设坛[自]祭奠窦建德。河北人[历]民感念窦建德，纷纷[史]加入刘黑闼的军队。[大]刘黑闼一路攻城，又[全]杀了李渊的侄子李道[网]玄。这时，李渊才后[文]悔不该杀窦建德啊。[章]

李渊急忙派李世民起[来]兵剿灭刘黑，李世民[自]虽胜，但并未收服河[历]北。在利用魏征的计[史]谋和怀柔政策后，李[大]建成才收服了河北。[全]李渊杀窦建德的风波[网]虽已平息，但大唐朝[文]也为此付出了沉重的[章]代价。


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