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八十年代初5元人民币有多大购买力 - 全文

来源:名资汇网 作者:caiji007 2023-12-11

放到八十年代初年,一张10块钱的纸币(那时候叫“大团结”),可以说成很大的一笔钱。上世纪八十年代的小说里,形容一个人富有,都常说“摸出来好几张大团结”。而假如裤兜带着五块钱,放到八十年代初年左右的年月里,也真的能办不少事儿。

例如1980年冬,北京市第一家个体户饭店“悦宾饭馆”火爆开张,中学生陈林与家长在下雪里等了2个钟头才等来位置,三口人要了烧锅鸭、宫保鸡丁、扒白菜加一份鸭架豆腐汤,还喝一瓶啤酒。那时候只有十五六岁的陈林,一边大块朵颐一边喝彩“从没有吃过那麼好吃的菜”。这难以忘怀的“三菜一汤”美餐,一共花了不到四块钱——陈家四天的伙食费。

而八十年代初年里,知名投资分析师张化桥已经在湖北财经学院读大二,他高校时的吃穿生活费用“大概每个月六元”。一年后张化桥报考了中国人民银行研究生部,每个月除薪水外还有五块钱的副食补助,“生活也能凑合”。他的师哥还叮嘱他,假如你要在五年内成家立业,如今起“每个月最少要存15元”。五块钱,事关“婚姻大事”。

同样是在八十年代初年,未来火遍全国的《西游记》艰辛启动。因为经费每人必备稀缺,包括“唐僧师徒”以内的年轻演员们,所有人拿一份演出费,却要干几份活,例如装货卸车、充当群众演员、摆灯光效果搭景等杂活。导演杨洁确实看不过去,又给演员们申请办理了多种补助,例如“群众演员补助”“剧务补助”“特技补助”,实际上每次也就三五毛,却得以让演员们团体兴奋,后来每次还有“另外活”,大伙儿都竞相欢呼:“今日又有啤酒喝”。

就算在七年之后,即1987年,第一家肯德基中国店在北京前门大街开张。后来的两年里,这个快餐厅曾是北京人心里的奢华餐馆,以致于每星期常有新人在肯德基举行婚礼。有多奢华?那时候店内一块原味鸡要卖两块五,因此以便吃顿肯德基,“不少家中要攒上一个月的收入”。由此可见,五块钱,放到八十年代初年,简直“大钱”。

五块钱在那时候有多“大”?还可以参看下日用品物价水平。八十年代初年的农副产品国家牌价:大米是0.142元一斤,食油0.80元一斤,猪肉1.01元一斤,鲤鱼1.08元一斤,活老母鸡1.16元一斤。再看一下北京市的菜价:八十年代初年上半年,菠菜每斤7分钱,芸豆每斤2角钱,茄子每斤3角钱,花菜每斤2角6分。带着五块钱逛一趟农贸批发市场,假如想全花完,一定会满载而归。

那么比得话,五块钱[文]的消费力,真的非常[章]强。八十年代初年也[来]好像是个“物价低”[自]的幸福时代。乃至一[历]些小故事刊物上,也[史]是过贫苦的主角“穿[大]越重生”到八十年代[全]初年,随后卖力买买[网]买的情节。但实际上[文]是,八十年代初年上[章]半年,城市居民就曾[来]向报刊反映“菜”很[自]贵。而五块钱的市场[历]价值,也得比比那时[史]候的薪水。

要看乡村薪水,不要说八十年代初年,到1983年里,中国的乡村年人均收入也只有309元。五块钱放那时候乡村,重要程度也可以想。而在城镇呢?八十年代初年里,推行“八级制”的城区企业员工,二十年以上工齡的老工人,每个月平均收入在四十到五十元间。1983年北京读研究生的张化桥也追忆过:“那时候北京市的国有企业职工的平均月工资也只不过40多元人民币”。同阶段女孩找对象的顺囗溜里,便有一句“七十元钱”——小伙子月薪七十元?抢手!

一样也可以对比的是教师工资,八十年代初年有20年教龄的老师,平均收入是每个月41元。新员工入职两年的年轻老师,平均收入是31元。以这一意义说,八十年代初年的五元钱,比照今日的消费力,等于老师平均收入的六分之一到八分之一。“工资制度改制”的呼吁,在八十年代初年,同样是一浪高过一浪,并在明显的叫喊中步歩推进。

并且不仅是职工教师,即便今日许多“高收入”人群,放到八十年代初年,收入也真的不高。例如八十年代初年已经在艰辛拍攝的《西游记》,演员们的演员片酬,就算较大牌的“腕儿”,每一集最高演员片酬也只不过六十元。就这,还有人不断提意见,觉得给的太高。

上世纪八十年代火遍[大]全国的电影明星杨在[全]葆,1984年试着[网]第一次做导演,想来[文]广州商议改编舞台剧[章]《南方的风》。但那[来]时候北京至广州达到[自]一百元的单程机票前[历],却让月薪只有88[史]元的杨在葆担心不己[大]。直至广州层面主动[全]表态发言,解决杨在[网]葆等的一切交通出行[文]花销,这事才圆满成[章]行。随后,便有了哪[来]一部取材于《南方的[自]风》,且震撼人心一[历]代人的经典影片:《[史]代理市长》。

更能表明这工资待遇[大]的,还有八十年代初[全]年全国六十个大城市[网]示范点的“公有住房[文]全价售卖”改革。一[章]套住宅的市场价在每[来]平120—150元[自]间。今日看是超低价[历],那时候比照薪水,[史]的确是天文数字。以[大]《经济日报》记者谢[全]然浩的纪录说:“因[网]为那时候的城乡居民[文]工资水平实在太低,[章]八十年代初年末也就[来]基本停顿了下来。”[自]

因此,“八十年代初年五块钱消费力怎样”的问题,与薪水物价水平一比,也清晰映射了八十年代初年的生活状况:在中国改革开放的之际,大部分人,简直捏着荷包过生活。

并且,别看五块钱在“买水果”“餐馆”等消费新项目上,在八十年代初年能办不少“大事儿”,但放到八十年代另一些“消费新项目”上,却也办不成啥事。

例如买牛仔裤,这一那时候的“新颖东西”,1985年进入中国后就点爆全国。那时候一条牛仔裤子的市场价,最便宜也要25元,贵的要30多元。一些年青人参加工作中的头一个月薪,估算还买不上一条裤子。但即便那样,手上稍有点儿钱的青年人,烧钱也要美一下,由于“小格子呢的夹克外套配水洗牛仔裤是最时兴的”。但大部分人买一条,全是一穿穿到坏,缝缝补补然后穿,哪家要有两条以上牛仔裤子?那就是标准富豪。

再例如摩托,在那时候经济发展比较发达的广州,八十年代初年有着一台摩托,是个十分酷帅的事儿。广州街边的私人摩托,一辆价钱在1900元以上,以许多“过来人”的感受说:“那时开车,比如今开奔驰宝马觉得还要好”。

家用电器等日用品消费也是“大头”,例如彩色电视,在八十年代初年的情况下要数千元,即使黑白电视机,最便宜也在380元以上,比普通百姓的年薪还高。单车都不低。八十年代初年里,“鳳凰”牌单车卖65元钱,“红旗”牌单车卖77元钱,那时候结婚,有“全鸡全鸭”(彩色电视、收录机、洗衣机、鸭绒被)和“三转一响”(单车、缝纫机、腕表、音响)等说法,购置每一样,都不少掏钱。

而在这种消费上,并不是富有的八十年代初年,却展示出了和之前不一样的气候:那时候全国平均每人用以买衣服的花销,是42元。用以买自行车、缝纫机、电视等日用品的花销,占中国日用品零售额的比例,飙升来到百分之二十五。这一今日看起来并不起眼的数字,却意味着了中国人消费方法的转变,准确说,是生活品质的转变。

这转变,如同张化桥[历]的一声感叹,那时候[史]的中国,“空气中流[大]动着希望”。20世[全]纪八十年代,接下去[网]中国是多少振奋人心[文]的转变,飞速发展的[章]髙速发展趋势,在八[来]十年代初年的众多“[自]消费”景色中,就已[历]埋下伏笔。


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