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小提琴型号是怎样区分|怎样才能把小提琴拉得好听

来源:名资汇网 作者:caiji007 2023-09-20

  拉小提琴需要用正确的发音方法,使琴弦得以充分自然地震动,好听的声音应该是圆润悦耳、实而不僵、弱而不虚。今天小编为大家带来把小提琴拉好听的方法,希望能够帮到大家。

  怎样能把小提琴拉得好听

  拉小提琴需要用正确的发音方法,使琴弦得以充分自然地震动,好听的声音应该是圆润悦耳、实而不僵、弱而不虚。从小提琴的发音原理来说,弓毛上布满了一个个小钩子,运弓时这些钩子在不断地勾动琴弦使其震动,用力压弦运弓阻碍了琴弦的震动就会发出噪音,过于松懈就会使这些小钩子勾不住弦,声音发虚,要使钩子恰当地勾动琴弦,放松是关键。放松拉琴先要从正确握弓做起。握弓的关键是拇指,错误的方法往往是拇指捏住弓杆,小指也用力顶住弓杆,造成整个手僵硬。我教琴时让学生用拇指尖的内侧托住弓杆,用中指第一关节包住弓杆,先就用这两个手指握弓,在中弓位置运弓,找到拇指放松的感觉后再相继放上食指和无名指,使握弓得以稳定,最后把小指尖虚放在弓杆的内侧,运弓时要保持这种放松的感觉。如果不用力压弦运弓,哪怕学生上第一节课也不会发出刺耳的噪音。学会放松拉琴是小提琴爱好者的幸运,但需要长期训练才会掌握。小提琴的基本姿势和动作要正确规范,但不同的人拉琴放松的方法不尽相同,要因人而异,不能千篇一律。学琴初期只要把注意力集中在弓拉直和音量平均就行了,不要过分强调怎么用力。此外,好听的声音还需要左手正确的按弦和揉弦等方法配合。

  小提琴是歌唱性的乐器,要在内心把一首曲子的感情唱出来才会拉出感情,在此我重点讲一下小提琴的呼吸唱歌在该换气时不呼吸就会没有感情,而不该换气时呼吸又会让人感觉上气不接下气。拉琴和唱歌一样,要分析乐句,每一句结束需要自然地呼吸,但拉琴的呼吸和唱歌不完全相同。唱歌呼吸时音是断掉的,而小提琴的呼吸是把声音弱下去,再缓缓地进入下一句。业余拉琴者把弓放在琴弦上,发出的第一个音往往都是噪音。我让学生这样训练第一个音的发音,在弓根处先提住弓,拉动时再轻轻地放到琴弦上缓缓进入,拉到弓尖处时像飞机起飞离开跑道一样使弓缓缓地离开琴弦,然后迅速回到弓根重新开始,反复几次下弓练习后,再用同样的方法从弓尖开始训练上弓。连续运弓时的呼吸就用这种第一个音发音的方法,该呼吸时弓就像飞机要起飞一样,但在飞机刚要离开地面时又缓缓地着陆了。学会呼吸就把拉琴的感情掌握了一大半。此外,拉琴和书法类似,根据不同的风格,落笔收笔轻重不同,但拉琴的轻起轻收是基础,要在此基础上再加以发展。

  初学小提琴需要记住的注意事项

  1、头稍向左,点头;面对琴弦,看弓子的运行;头正脖直,不是向左歪;肩松身直,手腕要放松,肩膀手臂吊起来,大拇指仿佛没有持琴;两腿与肩同宽,身体站稳。

  2、左手小指指尖在弓杆上是弯曲的。

  3、右手手腕拉到弓尖时稍下垂,大拇指伸得较直;拉到弓根时稍弯曲,大拇指是半弯曲的。

  4、弓子在指板上移动,原因是持琴不平。持琴稍高一点为好。正脸对乐谱

  5、右手用弓尖拉琴紧张,可将琴靠右一些。

  6、连弓换弦动作要呈弧形,而不可呈角型。

  7、运弓时,上下臂的平面要与弓杆平行为好。

  8、换把是手指在弦上滑行,不能离弦跃进。如果不在线上滑行,就容易出现空弦音。

  9、每天练音节,特别是下行音阶。

  10、力求最小限度地按琴,按指与弓子的压力均等。按弦的力量是长期锻炼的结果,而不是用强力的结果。说是按弦,其实是手指的抬落。

  11、永远不要让指尖出茧子。

  12、轻松的实质是动作完整。

  13、右手才是基础。

  14、放松的动作产生优美的声音,紧张的动作不会产生良好的声音效果的。演奏现代复杂作品,要求左手彻底放松。全弓出现疙瘩音,是右臂有部分肌肉紧张所致。

  15、弓子与琴弦垂直是个普遍的原则。垂直振幅最大。

  16、轻握弓子,用弓子的重量拉琴,去体会弓子轻压琴弦的微妙感觉。

  17、如何不看弓弦仍能拉直拉稳,连贯流畅,轻松自如,而且保证声音是动听的,这是需要一段时间练习并时时注意的。

  18、运功要连贯、平稳、匀称、纯净、响亮。

  19、揉弦时左手要放松。

  20、难听的声音,就是不熟练或姿势不对的原因,看看是否拉的直,弓子与弦接触的位置(一般来说,弓子靠近指板,声音柔和),空弦是否用得太多。

  21、清零经常从一个阶段开始的地方练一遍练过的内容,一丝不苟地查找每个错误的音,这样做之后,你会感到每次重复,其实都是不同的。

  22、只要相信蚂蚁能啃骨头、水滴石穿的事实,也就可以相信一定能将小提琴解决。对此,一个没有环保意识的想象是:一点点地拔草、砍树,渐渐地就能将这片森林毁掉。

  拉小提琴时正确的身体姿势

  拉小提琴时正确的身体姿势包括拉琴前的准备姿势,拉琴时的站姿或坐姿。姿势的正确与否,直接影响到小提琴的音色以及演奏技巧的正常发挥。

  站姿是独奏和练习时采用的姿势。站立时,要求身体自然直立,双脚分开成八字形,与肩同宽,全身的重心平放在两脚上。挺胸、收腹,全身肌肉放松。在演奏时,可随着乐曲的起伏而适当地摆动身体,同时要避免演奏时不内然的身体动作,会不断地凋整弓与琴的位置,给演奏带来很多不良的影响。

  坐姿是重奏、合奏时采用的姿势。首先椅子的高矮要选择合适,坐下后大腿与地面基本保持平行。身体最好坐在椅子靠前部分,不要驼背,坐端正,腰挺直,双脚放平稳,不要悬空。事实上,一个拉小提琴的人,坐着演奏的机会比站着演奏的机会更多,所以练习好坐姿是很有必要的。

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