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[人教版电子课本]人教版小学五年级数学上册课件

来源:名资汇网 作者:caiji007 2024-01-06

  引导语:怎样找一份人教版小学五年级数学上册课件?接下来是小编为你带来收集整理的文章,欢迎阅读!

  教学目标:

  知识与技能:使学生理解并掌握小数乘以整数的计算方法及算理。

  过程与方法:经历将小数乘整数转化为整数乘整数的过程,使学生认识到转化的方法是学习新知识的工具。

  情感、态度与价值观:感受小数乘法在生活中的广泛应用。

  教学重点:理解并掌握小数乘整数的算理,学会转化。

  教学难点:能够运用算理进行小数乘整数的计算。

  教学方法:迁移类推,引导发现,自主探索,合作交流。

  教学准备:多媒体。

  教学过程

  一、情境导入

  1.谈话:同学们都喜欢哪些运动呢?

  (生回答自己喜欢的运动……)

  2.导入:是啊,多参加户外运动,有利于身体健康。老师也经常参加户外运动,放风筝就是我的最爱。下课咱们一起去放风筝好吗?

  3.提问:但放风筝之前要先去买风筝,所以咱们就先去买几只风筝吧!(展示教材第2页例l情境图)从图中你知道了哪些信息?

  引导学生观察并思考:图中小明他们想买3个3.5元的风筝需要多少钱?你会列式吗?

  指学生回答:3.5×3,教师板书:3.5×3。

  4.探索:观察这一道算式,它与我们以前学过的乘法算式有什么不同?

  观察后回答:这道算式的因数有小数。

  5.揭题:以前我们学习的乘法都是整数乘整数,今天的算式中却出现了小数,这就是今天我们要研究的小数乘整数。(板书课题:小数乘整数)

  二、互动新授

  1.初步探究竖式计算的方法。

  (1)引导学生准确算出一共需要多少钱?学生独立计算,并在小组内交流自己的想法。(师走到学生中,了解学生参与讨论的情况。)

  (2)让学生说说自己的想法。

  指名汇报,教师根据学生叙述板书,学生可能想出下面几种不同的方法:

  方法1:

  连加。展示:3.5+3.5+3.5=10.5(元)

  师:你是怎么想的?

  生:3.5×3就表示3个3.5相加,所以可以用乘法计算。(师板书意义)

  方法2:化成元、角、分计算,先算整元,再算整角,最后相加。3元×3=9元,5角×3=1元5角,9元+1元5角=10元5角,即3.5×3=10.5(元)。

  方法3:把3.5元看作35角,则35角×3=105角=10.5元。

  (3)追问:刚才同学们开动脑筋想出了这么多方法,真了不起。如果要用竖式计算,你会算吗?请同学们想一想,并与同桌讨论:如何列竖式计算3.5×37

  引导:出示(边说边演示):

  强调:我们可以把3.5元转化成35角,用35角乘3得105角,再把105角转化成10.5元。注意在列竖式时因数的末尾要对齐。

  2.自主探究,进一步理解算理,掌握计算方法。

  (1)教师出示算式:0.72×5。

  师:同学们看0.72不是钱数了,没有元、角、分这样的单位了,还能不能计算出结果呢?请同学们独立思考,然后在小组内交流计算方法。

  (2)学生汇报演示。

  可能有两种方法:加法和乘法。根据学生的汇报,展示这两种方法。

  (3)比较:(见板书设计)

  引导:请同学们比较一下这两种方法,你喜欢哪一种呢,为什么?

  生:用乘法比较简便。

  (4)追问:仔细观察乘法算式,谁给大家解释一下,你是怎样把乘数转化成整数的?

  生:先把0.72小数点向右移动2位转化成72×5=360,得出结果后再把积的小数点向左移动两位就是3.6。

  质疑:既然把所得积的小数点向左移动两位,那这个积就应该是一个两位小数,为什么现在只有一位呢?

  生:小数的末尾添上或去掉0,小数的大小不变,所以积末尾的0可以直接去掉。

  (5)注意:同学们在计算小数乘整数时,想到了用转化的方法把小数乘法转化成整数乘法计算。那么,谁能和大家说说小数乘整数应该怎样计算,计算时应注意什么呢?

  指导学生归纳出:计算小数乘整数的乘法,要先把小数看作整数来乘,乘完以后,看因数扩大了多少倍,再把乘出的积缩小相同的倍数。当积的末尾有“O”时,应先点上小数点,再把“0”去掉。

  师:(出示教材第2页情境图)我们通过解决买风筝的问题,认识并学会了小数乘整数的计算方法。我们看图中还有几种不同的风筝,如果买3个其他形状的,需要多少钱呢?能不能很快地算出来?

  学生独立计算,汇报交流。

  师:同学们顺利地买完了风筝,那就让我们就一起把风筝放飞吧!

  三、巩固拓展

  1.教材第3页做一做第1题

  想一想:小数乘整数与整数乘整数有什么不同?

  2.教材第3页做一做第2题

  同桌之间相互谈谈是怎样点小数点的。

  3.指名板演教材第3页做一做第3题

  4.不用计算,你能直接说出下面算式的结果吗?

  148×23=3404

  14.8×23=()1.48×23=()0.148×23=()()×()=34.04

  四、课堂小结。同学们,这节课你们都学会了哪些知识?(学生自由发表想法)

  作业:教材第4页练习练习一第1、2、3题。

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