· 汽车资讯 · 正文详情

三年多累计亏损超55亿、上市首日破发,零跑汽车如何破局?

来源:名资汇网 2022-09-30

时隔两年,第四家上市的中国造车新势力企业诞生,虽然这不是一个很好的上市时间点。

9月29日,浙江零跑科技股份有限公司(简称“零跑汽车”)正式在港交所挂牌上市。至此,成立近7年的零跑汽车成为国内第四家登陆港交所的造车新势力企业。

不过,零跑汽车上市首日开盘即遭破发,低开14.58%,报41港元/股,跌破发行价。随后股价继续下挫,跌超31%。截至9月29日港股收盘,零跑汽车报31.90港元/股,跌33.54%,总市值322.79亿港元。

成立于2015年的零跑汽车只比理想汽车“年轻”了5个月,并非造车新势力中的后浪。但在营收规模、盈利能力及研发投入等方面,零跑汽车都却无法与“蔚小理”比肩。招股书数据还显示,2019年至2022年3月,零跑汽车分别实现1.17亿、6.31亿、31.32亿和19.92亿元营收;三年多累计亏损55.41亿元,毛利率最低时为-95.7%。

为提升盈利能力,零跑汽车不得不走出“性价比”舒适区。在上市前一天,零跑汽车推出了旗下最贵车型零跑C01上探中高端市场。此外,在招股书中,零跑汽车表示,计划未来以每年一到三款车型的速度,于2025年底前推出七款全新的纯电动车型——聚焦中高端主流新能源汽车市场,并计划基于自研增程式技术推出增程式版本车型以扩展市场。

新车型的上市能否让零跑在中高端市场立足?赴港上市拿到续命钱后,零跑汽车能否跨出第二梯队?这家既不是“传统汽车人”造车,也不是“互联网人”造车的新势力企业如何给资本市场讲出造车新故事?

上市即破发,净筹资60.57亿港元不及预期

从今年3月零跑汽车提交招股书,到8月19日赴港交所IPO上市获证监会核准,再到8月29日通过港交所上市聆讯,从时间上来看,零跑汽车冲击港股似乎是一路坦途。但若从IPO最终发行价和配售结果来看,资本市场对零跑汽车似乎并不热情。

在公开发售阶段,零跑汽车未获得足额认购,在香港公开发售阶段共接获3151份有效申请,未获足额认购,认购相当于香港公开发售项下初步可供认购的约0.16倍;国际发售部分则获过度超额认购,超额认购约1.33倍。作为对比,理想和小鹏登陆港股时分别获得了5.5倍和14.73倍的超额认购。

9月28日,零跑汽车公告表示,股票发售价最终确定为48港元/股。为招股价48港元-62港元的下限定价。在此发行价基础上,零跑汽车预计净筹资60.57亿港元(约8亿美元),相比于此前招股文件中10.3亿美元的目标和最初15亿美元的规划,募集资金出现较大程度缩水。

9月29日,零跑汽车上市首日开盘即遭破发,低开14.58%,报41港元/股,跌破发行价。随后零跑汽车股价继续下挫,一度跌超31%。截至9月29日港股收盘,零跑汽车报31.90港元/股,跌33.54%,总市值322.79亿港元。

对于公司股价破发,零跑汽车创始人兼董事长朱江明表示,(零跑汽车此时上市)确实不是一个很好的时间节点,因为全球形势动荡,国际金融市场处在下行通道。但既然选择在此时上市,零跑汽车不在乎当下的时间段,“造车是长跑,我们还有很长的路要走。”

“目前新能源汽车市场有所降温,港股市场汽车板块正经历估值的大幅回调,零跑汽车上市首日即破发未出乎业界意料。” 中博联智库特聘专家张翔在接受贝壳财经记者采访时表示,尽管上市首日就破发,但零跑汽车能在港交所上市还是表明其过去的发展获得了一定认可。

2025年底前推出7款全新纯电动车型,欲借新车型提升盈利能力

成立于2015年12月24日的零跑汽车并非造车新势力中的后浪,但不论是与“蔚小理”还是与哪吒、威马等二线造车新势力相比,零跑汽车并不为大众所熟知,直至2019年才推出第一款产品S01,上市当年,零跑S01只卖出1037辆。

2020年和2021年,零跑分别卖出8050辆、43748辆新车,且销售主力为微型纯电小车T03。在头部造车新势力逐步开启月销破万辆的时代,零跑汽车交付成绩略显单薄。2021年下半年,零跑汽车开始转换产品路线,推出更大、也更贵的C11和C01车型。但改变并不容易。今年1-8月,零跑汽车累计交付7.65万辆新车,T03仍是销量主力,占比超过58%。

“零跑汽车的起步还是晚了些。”张翔表示,尽管近一段时间以来零跑汽车交付量实现了大幅增长,但总体来看,与“蔚小理”每家20万辆的累计交付量相比仍有差距;且零跑汽车主打车型仍为10万元以下的低端车型,尽管早期可凭借性价比优势和错位竞争的策略在交付量上暂时领先,但随着多家车企在A0级市场的布局,零跑汽车的生存空间被进一步挤压。

招股书数据显示,2019年至2022年3月,零跑汽车累计亏损55.41亿元,毛利率最低只有-95.7%。在营收方面,零跑汽车也与“蔚小理”相距甚远。2019年至2022年第一季度,零跑汽车分别实现1.17亿、6.31亿、31.32亿和19.92亿元营收,虽然增长势头明显,但在绝对数值上与“蔚小理”还未达到同一个量级。

在毛利率方面,“蔚小理”虽然仍未摆脱亏损困境,但毛利率均已转正。相比之下,零跑汽车2019年至2022年第一季度的毛利率分别为-95.7%、-50.6%、-44.3%和-49.4%。

为提升盈利能力,走出“性价比”舒适区成为零跑汽车不得不做出的选择。

其在招股书中表示,新能源汽车在主流的大众消费群体中越来越受欢迎,预期售价在人民币15万-30万元的中高端主流市场将自2022年起成为中国新能源汽车市场中最大且增速最快的细分市场。零跑汽车将进一步渗透上述细分市场。

9月28日,售价18万-27万元的纯电轿车C01正式上市,这是零跑汽车旗下最贵的车型,也承载着零跑品牌向上探索的重任。同时,零跑汽车计划未来以每年一到三款车型的速度,于2025年底前推出七款全新的纯电动车型,聚焦中高端主流新能源汽车市场,并计划基于自研增程式技术推出增程式版本车型以扩展市场。

与此同时,研发也成为零跑汽车接下来的重点。招股书显示,除了电芯和内外饰是外购,零跑汽车的算法、软硬件、电子电气架构等都是自研,绝大部分还是自研自产。

在C01上市发布会中,零跑汽车也多次强调“全域自研技术和垂直整合能力”,并对外宣传是中国目前唯一一家具有全域自研能力的造车新势力,试图借此形成差异化形象。

然而,据招股书披露的信息显示,2019年-2021年,零跑汽车研发投入分别为3.6亿元、2.9亿元和7.4亿元,研发费用占总营收的比重不断下降,且与先期上市的“蔚小理”差距甚远。

按其规划,此次募集资金的40%将用于研发,包括拓展智能电动汽车组合、招聘更多研发人员等。

张翔表示,目前新能源市场已是一片“红海”,竞争愈加激烈,要基于市场不断创新才能实现持久发展。此外,在技术水平、品牌知名度、对消费者需求的把握上,零跑汽车还需要更多的积累。

新京报贝壳财经记者 张冰

编辑 岳彩周

校对 杨许丽

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