· 历史杂谈 · 正文详情

明朝的祥瑞麒麟居然是我们熟知的长颈鹿-明朝对祥瑞的追求 - 全文

来源：名资汇网 作者：caiji007 2023-12-05

在中国历史上，有几大神兽，代表着皇室君王们的强大权力，例如龙，鳳凰和麒麟。每当上天下降这种祥瑞，当然便是举国欢腾，天下太平的代表。可是世界上确实存有这种生物吗？古人眼里的这种生物到底长什么样呢？其实这一直是个谜。

龙和凤凰存不存在我们也不知道，但是古代真的出现过麒麟，并且还以前做为贡品进贡过。只不过是，假如您如果见到它长什么样子，百分之一百就不会觉得它是麒麟。由于这种被当做麒麟进贡的动物，便是今日大家众所周知的长颈鹿。

麒麟外交关系

永乐十二年秋，榜葛剌（今孟加拉国）曾向朱棣进贡过一个稀罕玩意。那时候的诸臣见到无不高呼，那类奇妙的生物便是长颈鹿。自然，在明代绘师的作品，它则是麒麟。还有一个所谓的《〈明人画麒麟沈度颂〉轴》，现在在台北故宫博物院。

为啥孟加拉千里迢迢[文]跑到中国来朝贡呢，[章]估计大家最先想到的[来]就是郑和下西洋。没[自]错，的确和郑和有关[历]系，可是此次进贡麒[史]麟和郑和还真没关系[大]。

早在永乐6年，孟加拉就已经进贡过一次了，当时确实是郑和一手促成的。但无论郑和是否提出贡品，这不应该是新奇的生物，也引起了大明朝堂四野的惊讶。

为何本不该惊讶呢？由于实际上，早在宋朝阶段就有人见过长颈鹿了。那时候称之为徂腊（译音），可是因为记述太少，尤其是没记述长啥样，因此各位压根也不清楚，来到明朝依然当做麒麟，真是令人无力吐槽。

但是这也刚好表明了[全]明代的开放让大家眼[网]界了一大批的新鲜事[文]物。殊不知秉着天朝[章]应有尽有的定义，外[来]来的生物常常寻找个[自]天朝的种群来相匹配[历]。因此长颈鹿相匹配[史]麒麟也就是理所应当[大]。

并且永乐盛世出现祥瑞很正常阿，出个麒麟也正常、尤其是长颈鹿这种物品远途晃动之中竟然还能活著抵达京城，那么就也是让人啧啧称奇了。毕竟长颈鹿也很娇气，从生活习惯的角度来看，也不适合长途运输。

对于整个大明朝来说[全]，麒麟也是能看得上[网]眼的祥瑞，那时候以[文]前经历一份朝贡物件[章]清单：“其贸采之物[来]，异者十有二品：一[自]曰猫睛之石，二曰五[历]色亚姑，三曰大珠，[史]四曰珊瑚支，五曰金[大]珀，六曰蔷薇露，七[全]曰麒麟，八曰狮子，[网]九曰花福鹿，十曰金[文]钱豹，十一曰驼鸡，[章]十二曰白鸠”

在这里当中我们可以见到，明代索取这种國家的朝贡物件大部分全是奢侈品和稀缺的动物，毕竟厚往薄来，谁来朝贡钻石珠宝赐予极多，可是要的物品确是这种不太好用的。

祥瑞政治

实际上，祥瑞的出现还是取决于皇帝，皇帝想要啥就出现啥。例如朱元璋对各种各样祥瑞并不感兴趣，例如洪武二年四月，“淮安、宁国、镇江、扬州、台州府并泽州各献瑞麦凡十二本，群臣皆贺”，朱元璋却觉得“嘉祥无征而灾异有验”。祥瑞比不上灾难，这倒是充分彰显了他的理智与农民颜色，针对实际有效的物品比较看重。

但是朱棣就彻底不一样了，为了反映自身的帝位是来路合法，获得上天垂青的，他甘愿改史数次，把朱允炆和他父亲朱标丑化的遍体鳞伤（重点看奉天靖难记和明太宗纪实），而各式各样的祥瑞当然也是他高度重视的。

例如永乐十五年营造京城奉天殿，奉天殿完工没多久，“殿中俱现五色瑞光，由地亘天，朗耀辉彻，卿云彩霄，煌煌轮?，天花璀璨，大如日轮，回旋宫苑，蔽亏霄汉。”这种祥瑞显著全是为营造、迁都北京借势。

毕竟朱棣举兵的情况下也知道自身理屈词穷，因此动辄就搞一些封建迷信来造就气势，例如自身是真武大帝下凡这种。因此国外的长颈鹿当麒麟用也就不奇怪了。

明朝的祥瑞

但是朱棣的敬赠祥瑞還是有实际意义的，相比后边的嘉靖帝那可强太多了，嘉靖帝为了修行长生什么都算祥瑞，例如白鹿，白鹤，白雁乃至到之后小白兔都算。

結果搞得嘉靖帝都感[来]觉这种祥瑞不免会也[自]太多了吧。在其中献[历]上祥瑞比较多的包含[史]胡宗宪，严嵩这种当[大]朝大臣，尤其是胡宗[全]宪，从白鹿到白龟献[网]过无数，能够 说成祥瑞大户了。

所以说那时候全国各[文]地为了分别各种各样[章]的祥瑞，也迫不得已[来]煞费苦心，因此麒麟[自]做为最终祥瑞也偶尔[历]出現。但是因为没办[史]法得到实物，因此常[大]常是出現记述可是仅[全]限“有人看见”系列[网]。这和汉代的凤凰祥[文]瑞倒是有如出一辙之[章]妙。

古代中国的大家针对这种神兽的沉迷，也充分彰显出了君王们针对“受命于天”的神权的期盼。根据祥瑞，塑造执政的权威性是十分必要的。因此嘉靖帝等君王针对祥瑞才这般沉迷，毕竟拥有祥瑞那便是上天的资质证书了。

从麒麟大家就可以看得出，一旦开过敬赠祥瑞的口子，那麼全国各地的奉承之风就没办法抵制了。例如明神宗阶段就有一例：“及晋宗伯，有县产麒麟，旋毙，上欲取观之，鲤谓此端不可开，果尔，天下言祥瑞者纷纷矣。”

其实明朝常有的各种[来]各样祥瑞，某种程度[自]上便是高級马屁，所[历]谓“圣人出黄河清”[史]，在明朝黄河清不清[大]关键看皇上爱不爱，[全]例如嘉靖七年，“灵[网]宝县黄河清”嘉靖帝[文]特意派内阁大臣前往[章]，可是遭受抵制“今[来]好谈喜事之臣，张大[自]文饰之，此风一开，[历]献媚者将接踵。”

所以说，往往早已出[史]現在我国的长颈鹿会[大]变为明朝的“麒麟”[全]又何尝不是那麼夸张[网]奉承之风的产物呢？[文]


本站内容系历史大全整理制作
    0个赞 收藏
    标签

    上一篇：历史上梁怀吉爱公主吗-赵徽柔的原型福康公主为啥喜欢梁怀吉？

    下一篇：《史记》记录的卧薪尝胆原来是假的-一份楚简的出土给夫差平反了

    Weibo Article 1 Weibo Article 2 Weibo Article 3 Weibo Article 4 Weibo Article 5 Weibo Article 6 Weibo Article 7 Weibo Article 8 Weibo Article 9 Weibo Article 10 Weibo Article 11 Weibo Article 12 Weibo Article 13 Weibo Article 14 Weibo Article 15 Weibo Article 16 Weibo Article 17 Weibo Article 18 Weibo Article 19 Weibo Article 20 Weibo Article 21 Weibo Article 22 Weibo Article 23 Weibo Article 24 Weibo Article 25 Weibo Article 26 Weibo Article 27 Weibo Article 28 Weibo Article 29 Weibo Article 30 Weibo Article 31 Weibo Article 32 Weibo Article 33 Weibo Article 34 Weibo Article 35 Weibo Article 36 Weibo Article 37 Weibo Article 38 Weibo Article 39 Weibo Article 40 Weibo Article 41 Weibo Article 42 Weibo Article 43 Weibo Article 44 Weibo Article 45 Weibo Article 46 Weibo Article 47 Weibo Article 48 Weibo Article 49 Weibo Article 50 Weibo Article 51 Weibo Article 52 Weibo Article 53 Weibo Article 54 Weibo Article 55 Weibo Article 56 Weibo Article 57 Weibo Article 58 Weibo Article 59 Weibo Article 60 Weibo Article 61 Weibo Article 62 Weibo Article 63 Weibo Article 64 Weibo Article 65 Weibo Article 66 Weibo Article 67 Weibo Article 68 Weibo Article 69 Weibo Article 70 Weibo Article 71 Weibo Article 72 Weibo Article 73 Weibo Article 74 Weibo Article 75 Weibo Article 76 Weibo Article 77 Weibo Article 78 Weibo Article 79 Weibo Article 80 Weibo Article 81 Weibo Article 82 Weibo Article 83 Weibo Article 84 Weibo Article 85 Weibo Article 86 Weibo Article 87 Weibo Article 88 Weibo Article 89 Weibo Article 90 Weibo Article 91 Weibo Article 92 Weibo Article 93 Weibo Article 94 Weibo Article 95 Weibo Article 96 Weibo Article 97 Weibo Article 98 Weibo Article 99 Weibo Article 100 Weibo Article 101 Weibo Article 102 Weibo Article 103 Weibo Article 104 Weibo Article 105 Weibo Article 106 Weibo Article 107 Weibo Article 108 Weibo Article 109 Weibo Article 110 Weibo Article 111 Weibo Article 112 Weibo Article 113 Weibo Article 114 Weibo Article 115 Weibo Article 116 Weibo Article 117 Weibo Article 118 Weibo Article 119 Weibo Article 120 Weibo Article 121 Weibo Article 122 Weibo Article 123 Weibo Article 124 Weibo Article 125 Weibo Article 126 Weibo Article 127 Weibo Article 128 Weibo Article 129 Weibo Article 130 Weibo Article 131 Weibo Article 132 Weibo Article 133 Weibo Article 134 Weibo Article 135 Weibo Article 136 Weibo Article 137 Weibo Article 138 Weibo Article 139 Weibo Article 140 Weibo Article 141 Weibo Article 142 Weibo Article 143 Weibo Article 144 Weibo Article 145 Weibo Article 146 Weibo Article 147 Weibo Article 148 Weibo Article 149 Weibo Article 150 Weibo Article 151 Weibo Article 152 Weibo Article 153 Weibo Article 154 Weibo Article 155 Weibo Article 156 Weibo Article 157 Weibo Article 158 Weibo Article 159 Weibo Article 160 Weibo Article 161 Weibo Article 162 Weibo Article 163 Weibo Article 164 Weibo Article 165 Weibo Article 166 Weibo Article 167 Weibo Article 168 Weibo Article 169 Weibo Article 170 Weibo Article 171 Weibo Article 172 Weibo Article 173 Weibo Article 174 Weibo Article 175 Weibo Article 176 Weibo Article 177 Weibo Article 178 Weibo Article 179 Weibo Article 180 Weibo Article 181 Weibo Article 182 Weibo Article 183 Weibo Article 184 Weibo Article 185 Weibo Article 186 Weibo Article 187 Weibo Article 188 Weibo Article 189 Weibo Article 190 Weibo Article 191 Weibo Article 192 Weibo Article 193 Weibo Article 194 Weibo Article 195 Weibo Article 196 Weibo Article 197 Weibo Article 198 Weibo Article 199 Weibo Article 200 Weibo Article 201 Weibo Article 202 Weibo Article 203 Weibo Article 204 Weibo Article 205 Weibo Article 206 Weibo Article 207 Weibo Article 208 Weibo Article 209 Weibo Article 210 Weibo Article 211 Weibo Article 212 Weibo Article 213 Weibo Article 214 Weibo Article 215 Weibo Article 216 Weibo Article 217 Weibo Article 218 Weibo Article 219 Weibo Article 220 Weibo Article 221 Weibo Article 222 Weibo Article 223 Weibo Article 224 Weibo Article 225 Weibo Article 226 Weibo Article 227 Weibo Article 228 Weibo Article 229 Weibo Article 230 Weibo Article 231 Weibo Article 232 Weibo Article 233 Weibo Article 234 Weibo Article 235 Weibo Article 236 Weibo Article 237 Weibo Article 238 Weibo Article 239 Weibo Article 240 Weibo Article 241 Weibo Article 242 Weibo Article 243 Weibo Article 244 Weibo Article 245 Weibo Article 246 Weibo Article 247 Weibo Article 248 Weibo Article 249 Weibo Article 250 Weibo Article 251 Weibo Article 252 Weibo Article 253 Weibo Article 254 Weibo Article 255 Weibo Article 256 Weibo Article 257 Weibo Article 258 Weibo Article 259 Weibo Article 260 Weibo Article 261 Weibo Article 262 Weibo Article 263 Weibo Article 264 Weibo Article 265 Weibo Article 266 Weibo Article 267 Weibo Article 268 Weibo Article 269 Weibo Article 270 Weibo Article 271 Weibo Article 272 Weibo Article 273 Weibo Article 274 Weibo Article 275 Weibo Article 276 Weibo Article 277 Weibo Article 278 Weibo Article 279 Weibo Article 280 Weibo Article 281 Weibo Article 282 Weibo Article 283 Weibo Article 284 Weibo Article 285 Weibo Article 286 Weibo Article 287 Weibo Article 288 Weibo Article 289 Weibo Article 290 Weibo Article 291 Weibo Article 292 Weibo Article 293 Weibo Article 294 Weibo Article 295 Weibo Article 296 Weibo Article 297 Weibo Article 298 Weibo Article 299 Weibo Article 300 Weibo Article 301 Weibo Article 302 Weibo Article 303 Weibo Article 304 Weibo Article 305 Weibo Article 306 Weibo Article 307 Weibo Article 308 Weibo Article 309 Weibo Article 310 Weibo Article 311 Weibo Article 312 Weibo Article 313 Weibo Article 314 Weibo Article 315 Weibo Article 316 Weibo Article 317 Weibo Article 318 Weibo Article 319 Weibo Article 320 Weibo Article 321 Weibo Article 322 Weibo Article 323 Weibo Article 324 Weibo Article 325 Weibo Article 326 Weibo Article 327 Weibo Article 328 Weibo Article 329 Weibo Article 330 Weibo Article 331 Weibo Article 332 Weibo Article 333 Weibo Article 334 Weibo Article 335 Weibo Article 336 Weibo Article 337 Weibo Article 338 Weibo Article 339 Weibo Article 340 Weibo Article 341 Weibo Article 342 Weibo Article 343 Weibo Article 344 Weibo Article 345 Weibo Article 346 Weibo Article 347 Weibo Article 348 Weibo Article 349 Weibo Article 350 Weibo Article 351 Weibo Article 352 Weibo Article 353 Weibo Article 354 Weibo Article 355 Weibo Article 356 Weibo Article 357 Weibo Article 358 Weibo Article 359 Weibo Article 360 Weibo Article 361 Weibo Article 362 Weibo Article 363 Weibo Article 364 Weibo Article 365 Weibo Article 366 Weibo Article 367 Weibo Article 368 Weibo Article 369 Weibo Article 370 Weibo Article 371 Weibo Article 372 Weibo Article 373 Weibo Article 374 Weibo Article 375 Weibo Article 376 Weibo Article 377 Weibo Article 378 Weibo Article 379 Weibo Article 380 Weibo Article 381 Weibo Article 382 Weibo Article 383 Weibo Article 384 Weibo Article 385 Weibo Article 386 Weibo Article 387 Weibo Article 388 Weibo Article 389 Weibo Article 390 Weibo Article 391 Weibo Article 392 Weibo Article 393 Weibo Article 394 Weibo Article 395 Weibo Article 396 Weibo Article 397 Weibo Article 398 Weibo Article 399 Weibo Article 400 Weibo Article 401 Weibo Article 402 Weibo Article 403 Weibo Article 404 Weibo Article 405 Weibo Article 406 Weibo Article 407 Weibo Article 408 Weibo Article 409 Weibo Article 410 Weibo Article 411 Weibo Article 412 Weibo Article 413 Weibo Article 414 Weibo Article 415 Weibo Article 416 Weibo Article 417 Weibo Article 418 Weibo Article 419 Weibo Article 420 Weibo Article 421 Weibo Article 422 Weibo Article 423 Weibo Article 424 Weibo Article 425 Weibo Article 426 Weibo Article 427 Weibo Article 428 Weibo Article 429 Weibo Article 430 Weibo Article 431 Weibo Article 432 Weibo Article 433 Weibo Article 434 Weibo Article 435 Weibo Article 436 Weibo Article 437 Weibo Article 438 Weibo Article 439 Weibo Article 440 Weibo Article 441 Weibo Article 442 Weibo Article 443 Weibo Article 444 Weibo Article 445 Weibo Article 446 Weibo Article 447 Weibo Article 448 Weibo Article 449 Weibo Article 450 Weibo Article 451 Weibo Article 452 Weibo Article 453 Weibo Article 454 Weibo Article 455 Weibo Article 456 Weibo Article 457 Weibo Article 458 Weibo Article 459 Weibo Article 460 Weibo Article 461 Weibo Article 462 Weibo Article 463 Weibo Article 464 Weibo Article 465 Weibo Article 466 Weibo Article 467 Weibo Article 468 Weibo Article 469 Weibo Article 470 Weibo Article 471 Weibo Article 472 Weibo Article 473 Weibo Article 474 Weibo Article 475 Weibo Article 476 Weibo Article 477 Weibo Article 478 Weibo Article 479 Weibo Article 480 Weibo Article 481 Weibo Article 482 Weibo Article 483 Weibo Article 484 Weibo Article 485 Weibo Article 486 Weibo Article 487 Weibo Article 488 Weibo Article 489 Weibo Article 490 Weibo Article 491 Weibo Article 492 Weibo Article 493 Weibo Article 494 Weibo Article 495 Weibo Article 496 Weibo Article 497 Weibo Article 498 Weibo Article 499 Weibo Article 500 Weibo Article 501 Weibo Article 502 Weibo Article 503 Weibo Article 504 Weibo Article 505 Weibo Article 506 Weibo Article 507 Weibo Article 508 Weibo Article 509 Weibo Article 510 Weibo Article 511 Weibo Article 512 Weibo Article 513 Weibo Article 514 Weibo Article 515 Weibo Article 516 Weibo Article 517 Weibo Article 518 Weibo Article 519 Weibo Article 520 Weibo Article 521 Weibo Article 522 Weibo Article 523 Weibo Article 524 Weibo Article 525 Weibo Article 526 Weibo Article 527 Weibo Article 528 Weibo Article 529 Weibo Article 530 Weibo Article 531 Weibo Article 532 Weibo Article 533 Weibo Article 534 Weibo Article 535 Weibo Article 536 Weibo Article 537 Weibo Article 538 Weibo Article 539 Weibo Article 540 Weibo Article 541 Weibo Article 542 Weibo Article 543 Weibo Article 544 Weibo Article 545 Weibo Article 546 Weibo Article 547 Weibo Article 548 Weibo Article 549 Weibo Article 550 Weibo Article 551 Weibo Article 552 Weibo Article 553 Weibo Article 554 Weibo Article 555 Weibo Article 556 Weibo Article 557 Weibo Article 558 Weibo Article 559 Weibo Article 560 Weibo Article 561 Weibo Article 562 Weibo Article 563 Weibo Article 564 Weibo Article 565 Weibo Article 566 Weibo Article 567 Weibo Article 568 Weibo Article 569 Weibo Article 570 Weibo Article 571 Weibo Article 572 Weibo Article 573 Weibo Article 574 Weibo Article 575 Weibo Article 576 Weibo Article 577 Weibo Article 578 Weibo Article 579 Weibo Article 580 Weibo Article 581 Weibo Article 582 Weibo Article 583 Weibo Article 584 Weibo Article 585 Weibo Article 586 Weibo Article 587 Weibo Article 588 Weibo Article 589 Weibo Article 590 Weibo Article 591 Weibo Article 592 Weibo Article 593 Weibo Article 594 Weibo Article 595 Weibo Article 596 Weibo Article 597 Weibo Article 598 Weibo Article 599 Weibo Article 600 Weibo Article 601 Weibo Article 602 Weibo Article 603 Weibo Article 604 Weibo Article 605 Weibo Article 606 Weibo Article 607 Weibo Article 608 Weibo Article 609 Weibo Article 610 Weibo Article 611 Weibo Article 612 Weibo Article 613 Weibo Article 614 Weibo Article 615 Weibo Article 616 Weibo Article 617 Weibo Article 618 Weibo Article 619 Weibo Article 620 Weibo Article 621 Weibo Article 622 Weibo Article 623 Weibo Article 624 Weibo Article 625 Weibo Article 626 Weibo Article 627 Weibo Article 628 Weibo Article 629 Weibo Article 630 Weibo Article 631 Weibo Article 632 Weibo Article 633 Weibo Article 634 Weibo Article 635 Weibo Article 636 Weibo Article 637 Weibo Article 638 Weibo Article 639 Weibo Article 640 Weibo Article 641 Weibo Article 642 Weibo Article 643 Weibo Article 644 Weibo Article 645 Weibo Article 646 Weibo Article 647 Weibo Article 648 Weibo Article 649 Weibo Article 650 Weibo Article 651 Weibo Article 652 Weibo Article 653 Weibo Article 654 Weibo Article 655 Weibo Article 656 Weibo Article 657 Weibo Article 658 Weibo Article 659 Weibo Article 660 Weibo Article 661 Weibo Article 662 Weibo Article 663 Weibo Article 664 Weibo Article 665 Weibo Article 666 Weibo Article 667 Weibo Article 668 Weibo Article 669 Weibo Article 670 Weibo Article 671 Weibo Article 672 Weibo Article 673 Weibo Article 674 Weibo Article 675 Weibo Article 676 Weibo Article 677 Weibo Article 678 Weibo Article 679 Weibo Article 680 Weibo Article 681 Weibo Article 682 Weibo Article 683 Weibo Article 684 Weibo Article 685 Weibo Article 686 Weibo Article 687 Weibo Article 688 Weibo Article 689 Weibo Article 690 Weibo Article 691 Weibo Article 692 Weibo Article 693 Weibo Article 694 Weibo Article 695 Weibo Article 696 Weibo Article 697 Weibo Article 698 Weibo Article 699 Weibo Article 700 Weibo Article 701 Weibo Article 702 Weibo Article 703 Weibo Article 704 Weibo Article 705 Weibo Article 706 Weibo Article 707 Weibo Article 708 Weibo Article 709 Weibo Article 710 Weibo Article 711 Weibo Article 712 Weibo Article 713 Weibo Article 714 Weibo Article 715 Weibo Article 716 Weibo Article 717 Weibo Article 718 Weibo Article 719 Weibo Article 720 Weibo Article 721 Weibo Article 722 Weibo Article 723 Weibo Article 724 Weibo Article 725 Weibo Article 726